今日文獻聚焦於拒學/上學回避的多重危險因子，特別是網路霸凌與社交焦慮的交互作用、身體疾病導致的教育中斷，以及居家二手菸暴露對學校出席率的間接影響，顯示出拒學行為需從個人、家庭、學校及社會層面多維度介入。
Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · Relationship Between Cyberbullying and Social Anxiety, School Refusal, and Academic Goals in Adolescents.
發現網路霸凌參與（無論是受害者、施害者或旁觀者）與學校情境迴避顯著正相關，而學習與成就目標則具保護性作用，凸显網路環境對學校適應的深遠影響。
Preventive medicine reports · Secondhand smoke exposure at home and school absenteeism among children in the United States: national estimates of attributable missed school days.
全美約有266,008天學校缺席可歸因於家中二手菸暴露，平均每名暴露兒童多缺0.95天學校，證實居家環境污染是可預防的學校出席風險因子。
The Journal of pediatrics · Characterizing Pediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Symptom Burden, Functional Impairment, and Comparison With Adults in the Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of ME/CFS (MCAM) Study.
梅毒樣腦脊髓炎/慢性疲勞症（ME/CFS）青少年教育中斷嚴重，89%因病缺學，平均月缺學10.8天，且64%居家或居家學習，提示身體疾病是拒學的重要醫學基礎。