今日文獻聚焦於拒學行為的社會與心理前因,特に霸凌與同儕受害被證實為預測性風險因子;同時,個人韌性與問題解決能力顯示出緩衝作用,提示介入應兼顧個人技能與校園環境調適。
Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · Peer victimization and school refusal tendencies in early adolescence: A random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis.
以三波縱向設計證實同儕受害具預測性地導致後續拒學傾向增加,但反之則不成立,揭露拒學形成的單向社會壓力路徑。
PloS one · Associations of solution building and resilience with school refusal behavior among elementary school students.
韌性透過提升解決方案建構能力,間接降低男生與女生的拒學行為強度,但僅對男生具直接保護效應。
Journal of interpersonal violence · Bullying Victimization and Truancy in Adolescence: A Multilevel, Cross-National Study in 69 Countries.
基於69國41萬青少年PISA資料,證實霸凌受害與上學問題顯著正相關,且在東南亞、後蘇聯地區效應最強。
Journal of renal care
腹膜透析兒童常因身體不適、情緒困擾及社會隔離導致學校生活中斷,社會與學校支援不足是主要壓力來源。